3.894 \(\int \frac{x^2}{a-b x^2+c x^4} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=150 \[ \frac{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}-\frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \]

[Out]

(Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]*ArcTanh[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a
*c]]])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]) - (Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]*ArcTan
h[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b^2 -
4*a*c])

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.265014, antiderivative size = 150, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 2, integrand size = 19, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.105 \[ \frac{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}-\frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]  Int[x^2/(a - b*x^2 + c*x^4),x]

[Out]

(Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]*ArcTanh[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a
*c]]])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]) - (Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]*ArcTan
h[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b^2 -
4*a*c])

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Rubi in Sympy [A]  time = 24.0255, size = 141, normalized size = 0.94 \[ \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{b - \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}} \operatorname{atanh}{\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{b - \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}}} \right )}}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}} - \frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{b + \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}} \operatorname{atanh}{\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{b + \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}}} \right )}}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{- 4 a c + b^{2}}} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  rubi_integrate(x**2/(c*x**4-b*x**2+a),x)

[Out]

sqrt(2)*sqrt(b - sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2))*atanh(sqrt(2)*sqrt(c)*x/sqrt(b - sqrt(-4*a
*c + b**2)))/(2*sqrt(c)*sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)) - sqrt(2)*sqrt(b + sqrt(-4*a*c + b*
*2))*atanh(sqrt(2)*sqrt(c)*x/sqrt(b + sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)))/(2*sqrt(c)*sqrt(-4*a
*c + b**2))

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Mathematica [A]  time = 0.214989, size = 137, normalized size = 0.91 \[ \frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}-b} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}-b}}\right )-\sqrt{-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}-b} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} x}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}-b}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt{c} \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]  Integrate[x^2/(a - b*x^2 + c*x^4),x]

[Out]

(-(Sqrt[-b - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[-b - Sqrt[b^2 -
4*a*c]]]) + Sqrt[-b + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*x)/Sqrt[-b + Sq
rt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])

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Maple [A]  time = 0.016, size = 208, normalized size = 1.4 \[{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\arctan \left ({cx\sqrt{2}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}}-{\frac{\sqrt{2}b}{2}\arctan \left ({cx\sqrt{2}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( -b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}}-{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}{\it Artanh} \left ({cx\sqrt{2}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}}-{\frac{\sqrt{2}b}{2}{\it Artanh} \left ({cx\sqrt{2}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{ \left ( b+\sqrt{-4\,ac+{b}^{2}} \right ) c}}}} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  int(x^2/(c*x^4-b*x^2+a),x)

[Out]

1/2*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2)*arctan(c*x*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^
2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2))-1/2/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(
1/2)*arctan(c*x*2^(1/2)/((-b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2))*b-1/2*2^(1/2)/((b+(-4
*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2)*arctanh(c*x*2^(1/2)/((b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2))-
1/2/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)*2^(1/2)/((b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2)*arctanh(c*x*2^(1
/2)/((b+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))*c)^(1/2))*b

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Maxima [F]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[ \int \frac{x^{2}}{c x^{4} - b x^{2} + a}\,{d x} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(x^2/(c*x^4 - b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate(x^2/(c*x^4 - b*x^2 + a), x)

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Fricas [A]  time = 0.267439, size = 744, normalized size = 4.96 \[ -\frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{b + \frac{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} \log \left (\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}{\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt{\frac{b + \frac{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}} + x\right ) + \frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{b + \frac{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} \log \left (-\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}{\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt{\frac{b + \frac{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}} + x\right ) + \frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{b - \frac{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} \log \left (\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}{\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt{\frac{b - \frac{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}} + x\right ) - \frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{b - \frac{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}} \log \left (-\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}{\left (b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}\right )} \sqrt{\frac{b - \frac{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}}}{b^{2} c - 4 \, a c^{2}}}}{\sqrt{b^{2} c^{2} - 4 \, a c^{3}}} + x\right ) \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(x^2/(c*x^4 - b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt((b + (b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)/sqrt(b^2*c^2 - 4*a*c^3))/(b^2*c - 4*a
*c^2))*log(sqrt(1/2)*(b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)*sqrt((b + (b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)/sqrt(b^2*c^2
- 4*a*c^3))/(b^2*c - 4*a*c^2))/sqrt(b^2*c^2 - 4*a*c^3) + x) + 1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt
((b + (b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)/sqrt(b^2*c^2 - 4*a*c^3))/(b^2*c - 4*a*c^2))*log(-sqrt(1/
2)*(b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)*sqrt((b + (b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)/sqrt(b^2*c^2 - 4*a*c^3))/(b^2*c
- 4*a*c^2))/sqrt(b^2*c^2 - 4*a*c^3) + x) + 1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt((b - (b^2*c - 4*a
*c^2)/sqrt(b^2*c^2 - 4*a*c^3))/(b^2*c - 4*a*c^2))*log(sqrt(1/2)*(b^2*c - 4*a*c^2
)*sqrt((b - (b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)/sqrt(b^2*c^2 - 4*a*c^3))/(b^2*c - 4*a*c^2))/sqrt(b
^2*c^2 - 4*a*c^3) + x) - 1/2*sqrt(1/2)*sqrt((b - (b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)/sqrt(b^2*c^2
- 4*a*c^3))/(b^2*c - 4*a*c^2))*log(-sqrt(1/2)*(b^2*c - 4*a*c^2)*sqrt((b - (b^2*c
- 4*a*c^2)/sqrt(b^2*c^2 - 4*a*c^3))/(b^2*c - 4*a*c^2))/sqrt(b^2*c^2 - 4*a*c^3)
+ x)

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Sympy [A]  time = 2.40363, size = 75, normalized size = 0.5 \[ \operatorname{RootSum}{\left (t^{4} \left (256 a^{2} c^{3} - 128 a b^{2} c^{2} + 16 b^{4} c\right ) + t^{2} \left (16 a b c - 4 b^{3}\right ) + a, \left ( t \mapsto t \log{\left (64 t^{3} a c^{2} - 16 t^{3} b^{2} c + 2 t b + x \right )} \right )\right )} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(x**2/(c*x**4-b*x**2+a),x)

[Out]

RootSum(_t**4*(256*a**2*c**3 - 128*a*b**2*c**2 + 16*b**4*c) + _t**2*(16*a*b*c -
4*b**3) + a, Lambda(_t, _t*log(64*_t**3*a*c**2 - 16*_t**3*b**2*c + 2*_t*b + x)))

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GIAC/XCAS [A]  time = 0.734357, size = 1, normalized size = 0.01 \[ \mathit{Done} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(x^2/(c*x^4 - b*x^2 + a),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

Done